The roof of a commercial building does more than just provide shelter. It safeguards the structure from the elements, contributes to energy efficiency, and can even enhance the building’s aesthetic appeal. Commercial roofing varies significantly from residential roofing due to the different requirements in terms of size, structure, and function. Here’s a look into the various commercial roof types, their advantages, and how to choose the right one for your needs.
Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-up roofing, often abbreviated as BUR, is one of the oldest and most reliable types of commercial roofing. It consists of multiple layers of bitumen (asphalt) and reinforcing fabrics. These layers are alternated and finished with a top layer of aggregate, such as stone or gravel.
BUR systems are known for their robustness and ability to withstand heavy foot traffic and harsh weather conditions. The multiple layers provide excellent waterproofing capabilities, ensuring the building remains dry and protected. Once installed, BUR systems require minimal maintenance, making them a cost-effective choice in the long run. Also, the top layer of aggregate helps to improve fire resistance, adding an extra layer of safety.
While BUR systems are durable and effective, they can be heavy and require a strong structural support system. Installation can also be labor-intensive and time-consuming, which might impact the overall project timeline.
Modified Bitumen Roofing
Modified Bitumen (MB) roofing is similar to BUR but incorporates polymer-modified bitumen membranes, which are pre-fabricated and rolled onto the roof. These membranes enhance the elasticity and flexibility of the roof, making it suitable for various climates.
MB roofing can expand and contract without cracking, which is ideal for regions with extreme temperature fluctuations. The ease of installation makes it a popular choice for many commercial properties. The seams are typically heat-welded or adhered, creating a watertight barrier that is resistant to leaks. MB roofing also provides good UV resistance, which helps prolong the lifespan of the roof.
Despite its flexibility and ease of installation, MB roofing can be prone to damage from heavy foot traffic or impact. Regular inspections and maintenance are necessary to ensure its longevity.
Single-Ply Membrane Roofing
Single-ply membrane roofing involves the use of large sheets of flexible synthetic materials that are mechanically fastened, chemically adhered, or ballasted to the insulation layer on the roof. The most common types of single-ply membranes are TPO (Thermoplastic Olefin), PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), and EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer).
Single-ply membrane roofing offers excellent flexibility and UV resistance, making it suitable for a wide range of commercial applications. These membranes are lightweight and can be installed relatively quickly, reducing labor costs. They also provide excellent resistance to chemicals, punctures, and tears, ensuring long-term durability. Single-ply membranes are often white or light-colored, which helps reflect sunlight and reduce cooling costs.
Single-ply membranes can be susceptible to punctures and tears, especially in areas with heavy foot traffic or where there are frequent maintenance activities. Proper installation and regular inspections are key to maintaining their integrity.
Metal Roofing
Metal roofing systems are made from various types of metal sheets, including steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc. These sheets are often coated with protective layers to enhance durability and resistance to corrosion.
Metal roofing is known for its exceptional durability and longevity, often lasting 50 years or more with proper maintenance. It can withstand extreme weather conditions, including high winds, hail, and heavy snow. Metal roofing is also fire-resistant, which adds an extra layer of protection to the building. Its reflective properties can help reduce cooling costs, making it an energy-efficient option. Metal roofing is also recyclable, which makes it an environmentally friendly choice.
While metal roofing offers many benefits, it can be more expensive to install compared to other roofing types. The installation process requires skilled labor, which can add to the overall cost. Metal roofing can also be noisy during rain or hailstorms, although this can be mitigated with proper insulation.
Green Roofing
Green roofing involves the installation of a vegetative layer on top of a traditional roofing system. This layer typically includes plants, soil, and a waterproof membrane.
Green roofing provides numerous environmental benefits, including improved air quality, reduced urban heat island effect, and enhanced stormwater management. The vegetative layer helps insulate the building, reducing heating and cooling costs. Green roofs also create natural habitats for wildlife, contributing to biodiversity. They can extend the lifespan of the underlying roofing materials by protecting them from UV radiation and extreme temperature fluctuations.
Green roofing requires a significant upfront investment and ongoing maintenance to ensure the health of the plants. The additional weight of the soil and vegetation may require structural reinforcement of the building. Proper drainage and waterproofing systems are essential to prevent water damage to the building.
Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Roofing
Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing involves the application of a liquid spray that expands into a foam, creating a solid, seamless layer across the roof. This foam layer is then coated with a protective layer to enhance durability.
SPF roofing provides excellent insulation, reducing energy costs by maintaining consistent indoor temperatures. The seamless application helps eliminate leaks and provides a watertight barrier. SPF roofing is lightweight, which minimizes the need for additional structural support. It can be applied over existing roofing materials, reducing the need for costly tear-offs. SPF roofing also provides good resistance to wind and impact damage.
The installation of SPF roofing requires specialized equipment and skilled labor, which can increase the overall cost. Proper installation is necessary to ensure the foam adheres correctly and provides the desired insulation and waterproofing benefits. Regular inspections and maintenance are necessary to address any potential issues, such as UV degradation of the protective coating.
TPO Roofing
Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) roofing is a single-ply membrane roofing material known for its durability and energy efficiency. TPO membranes are made from a blend of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber.
TPO roofing is highly resistant to UV radiation, ozone, and chemical exposure, making it suitable for various commercial applications. The white or light-colored surface reflects sunlight, reducing heat buildup and cooling costs. TPO membranes are flexible and can withstand extreme temperatures and weather conditions. The seams are heat-welded, creating a strong and watertight bond that reduces the risk of leaks. TPO roofing is also relatively easy to install and maintain.
While TPO roofing offers many benefits, it can be prone to punctures and tears, especially in high-traffic areas. The quality of TPO membranes can vary between manufacturers, so it’s important to choose a reputable supplier. Regular inspections and maintenance are necessary to ensure the longevity and performance of TPO roofing systems.
EPDM Roofing
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) roofing is a single-ply rubber roofing membrane known for its durability and weather resistance. EPDM membranes are available in black and white colors.
EPDM roofing is highly flexible and can withstand temperature extremes, making it suitable for various climates. The material is resistant to UV radiation, ozone, and weathering, ensuring long-term durability. EPDM membranes are easy to install and repair, which can reduce labor costs. The black EPDM membrane absorbs heat, making it a good option for colder climates. White EPDM is available for regions where heat reflection is desired.
EPDM roofing can be susceptible to punctures and tears, especially from sharp objects or heavy foot traffic. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to address any potential issues and ensure the roof remains watertight. The black EPDM membrane can contribute to higher cooling costs in warm climates, so it’s important to choose the appropriate color based on the building’s location.
PVC Roofing
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) roofing is a single-ply membrane roofing material known for its strength, durability, and energy efficiency. PVC membranes are made from a blend of vinyl resins and plasticizers.
PVC roofing offers excellent resistance to UV radiation, chemicals, and fire, making it suitable for various commercial applications. The white or light-colored surface reflects sunlight, reducing heat buildup and cooling costs. PVC membranes are flexible and can withstand extreme temperatures and weather conditions. The seams are heat-welded, creating a strong and watertight bond that reduces the risk of leaks. PVC roofing is also easy to install and maintain.
While PVC roofing provides many benefits, it can be more expensive to install compared to other single-ply membranes. The material can become brittle over time, especially in areas with fluctuating temperatures. Regular inspections and maintenance are necessary to ensure the longevity and performance of PVC roofing systems.
Shingle Roofing
Shingle roofing, commonly used in residential buildings, is also an option for certain commercial structures, especially smaller ones. Shingles are overlapping elements typically made of asphalt, wood, slate, or other materials. They are laid in rows from the bottom edge of the roof up, with each successive row overlapping the joints below.
Shingle roofing is relatively easy to install and offers a classic aesthetic appeal, which can be beneficial for commercial buildings where visual appearance is important. Asphalt shingles, in particular, are cost-effective and come in a wide variety of colors and styles, allowing for customization to match the building’s design. Shingles also provide good fire resistance, especially those with a fiberglass base. They are also relatively easy to repair, with damaged shingles being straightforward to replace.
Shingle roofing is generally not suitable for flat roofs and is best used on sloped roofs. They have a shorter lifespan compared to other commercial roofing options, typically lasting 20 to 30 years. Shingles can be susceptible to damage from high winds and extreme weather conditions, which may require more frequent maintenance and repairs.
Flat Roofs
A flat roof is a type of commercial roofing system that has a very slight pitch to allow for water drainage. Unlike pitched roofs, flat roofs appear horizontal but usually have a slight incline to prevent water accumulation. Flat roofs are common in commercial buildings due to their practicality and cost-effectiveness.
Flat roofs provide an easily accessible surface that can be utilized for various purposes, such as installing HVAC units and solar panels or creating rooftop gardens. The construction and materials for flat roofs are generally more cost-effective compared to pitched roofs, making them a popular choice for large commercial buildings. Flat roofs are also quicker and easier to install, reducing labor costs and construction time. Their design allows for more efficient use of space within the building, as there are no sloped ceilings to interfere with interior layouts.
Flat roofs are prone to drainage issues if not properly designed and maintained, leading to water pooling and potential leaks. Regular inspections and maintenance are necessary to ensure proper drainage and address any potential problems. Flat roofs typically have a shorter lifespan compared to sloped roofs and may require more frequent repairs or replacement. The materials used for flat roofs, such as membrane roofing, must be carefully chosen to ensure durability and water resistance.
Liquid Roofing
Liquid roofing involves the application of a liquid coating that cures to form a seamless, waterproof membrane over the roof surface. This method can be used on both new and existing roofs and is compatible with a variety of roofing materials, including metal, concrete, and bitumen.
Liquid roofing provides a seamless and flexible barrier that eliminates joints and seams, which are common sources of leaks. This type of roofing is highly versatile and can be applied to a wide range of roof shapes and materials. The reflective properties of many liquid roofing systems can reduce heat absorption, lowering cooling costs and improving energy efficiency. Liquid roofing is also quick to apply and can be less disruptive to building operations compared to traditional roofing methods. The coating can extend the lifespan of an existing roof by protecting it from weathering and UV radiation.
The success of liquid roofing depends heavily on the quality of the preparation and application process. Proper surface preparation is necessary to ensure adhesion and long-term performance. The application should be carried out by experienced professionals to avoid issues such as uneven coating or incomplete coverage. While liquid roofing can be more cost-effective in the short term, it may require reapplication over time to maintain its protective qualities.
Biller Reinhart Engineering Group: Your Go-To for Superior Roof Consulting
Do you want to ensure your commercial roof stands the test of time? Partner with Biller Reinhart Engineering Group and benefit from our extensive experience and unbiased expertise. Since 2001, we have been providing top-notch roof consulting services, from design and analysis to restoration and repair. Our professional engineers are registered with IIBEC and have the knowledge to meet the highest standards in the industry.
Whether you need a comprehensive roof assessment, design services, or development of repair strategies, our team is here to help. We offer a full range of services, including preparation of plans and specifications, bidding assistance, and construction phase services. Our goal is to ensure your roof is not merely functional but durable and compliant with all regulations.
Contact us today at 855-482-7655 or email info@billereinhart.com to discuss your project. Explore our website to learn more about our services, view our portfolio, and discover how Biller Reinhart can make a difference for your building’s roof. Let our expertise and dedication provide you with peace of mind and a roof that performs exceptionally well for years to come.